Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life.

Westerterp, KR, Yamada, Y, Sagayama, H, Ainslie, PN, Andersen, LF, Anderson, LJ, Arab, L, Baddou, I, Bedu-Addo, K, Blaak, EE, Blanc, S, Bonomi, AG, Bouten, CVC, Bovet, P, Buchowski, MS, Butte, NF, Camps, SGJA, Close, GL, Cooper, JA, Das, SK et al (2021) Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 1938-3207

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. OBJECTIVES: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution. RESULTS: PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	09 Engineering, 11 Medical and Health Sciences
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine
Divisions:	Sport and Exercise Sciences
Publisher:	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Related URLs:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34477824
Date of acceptance:	14 July 2021
Date of first compliant Open Access:	27 September 2021
Date Deposited:	27 Sep 2021 08:25
Last Modified:	27 Sep 2021 08:30
DOI or ID number:	10.1093/ajcn/nqab260
URI:	https://ljmu-9.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/15548

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